International Society for Environment and Climate Change

Basic Format for Abstract

  • An abstract is a compendious summary of a research paper's substance including its background, purpose, methodology, results, and conclusion.
  • It should be one paragraph with a word limit of 175-275.
  • Keywords should be provided as a must (no more than 06 words).
  • Keywords should be written in lowercase letters (Not applicable to names/scientific names) and should be separated with commas.
  • Please do not include subheadings, bullets, lists and header/footer in the abstract.
  • Abstract titles should be short, but descriptive. Informative titles, indicating key points are encouraged. Abbreviations should not be used in the title.
  • Acronyms should be written in full the first time, mentioned in the text, followed by the abbreviation in parentheses.
  • Always follow SI Units.
  • Scientific names must be in Italic.
  • Use a negative exponent (e.g. kg m -3 ) and do not indicate units as divisions (e.g. kg/m 3 ).
  • Chemical formulae should be written in a standard form such as "CaCO 3 ", not as "CaCO3". Use a zero before decimal points such as "0.45," not ".45."
  • There shall be no citations or references in the abstract specifically. If there is a need to cite references, please provide the sources in brackets.